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Thomas Sowell discusses why groups such as Igbos, Jews and Chinese are dominant

Proppy

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Asian Americans are a substantial presence in this region but they are by no means a majority, much less such an overwhelming majority as they are among those winning high tech awards.

This pattern of disproportionate representation of particular groups among those with special skills and achievements is not confined to Asian Americans or even to the United States. It is a phenomenon among particular racial, ethnic or other groups in countries around the world — the Ibos in Nigeria, the Parsees in India, the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Germans in Brazil, Chinese in Malaysia, Lebanese in West Africa, Tamils in Sri Lanka. The list goes on and on.

Gross inequalities in skills and achievements have been the rule, not the exception, on every inhabited continent and for centuries on end. Yet our laws and government policies act as if any significant statistical difference between racial or ethnic groups in employment or income can only be a result of their being treated differently by others.

Nor is this simply an opinion. Businesses have been sued by the government when the representation of different groups among their employees differs substantially from their proportions in the population at large. But, no matter how the human race is broken down into its components — whether by race, sex, geographic region or whatever — glaring disparities in achievements have been the rule, not the exception.

Anyone who watches professional basketball games knows that the star players are by no means a representative sample of the population at large. The book "Human Accomplishment" by Charles Murray is a huge compendium of the top achievements around the world in the arts and sciences, as well as in sports and other fields.

Nowhere have these achievements been random or representative of the demographic proportions of the population of a country or of the world. Nor have they been the same from one century to the next. China was once far more advanced technologically than any country in Europe, but then it fell behind and more recently is gaining ground.

Most professional golfers who participate in PGA tournaments have never won a single tournament, but Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods have each won dozens of tournaments.

Yet these and numerous other disparities in achievement are resolutely ignored by those whose shrill voices denounce disparities in rewards, as if these disparities are somehow suspicious at best and sinister at worst.

Higher achieving groups — whether classes, races or whatever — are often blamed for the failure of other groups to achieve. Politicians and intellectuals, especially, tend to conceive of social questions in terms that allow them to take on the role of being on the side of the angels against the forces of evil.

This can be a huge disservice to those individuals and groups who are lagging behind, for it leads them to focus on a sense of grievance and victimhood, rather than on how they can lift themselves up instead of trying to pull other people down.

Again, this is a worldwide phenomenon — a sad commentary on the down side of the brotherhood of man.
 

“Where middlemen are an ethnically distinct group -the Jews, the Chinese in SouthEast Asia, the east Indians in Uganda, the Ibos in Nigeria- that ethnic group is hated by the masses who deal with them” ~Dr. Thomas Sowell
 
Speaking more on middlemen:

While such individuals might be of any ethnic background, in Nigeria they were often from the Ibo tribe, in whose culture "thrift, resourcefulness and foresight were the principal themes." Some Ibos “began trading with a few shillings or even a few pence derived from the sale of agricultural or jungle produce.” From there they proceeded to rise, step by step, as they “slightly enlarged their still very small scale of operations” until eventually they were able to become established in retailing. “In practically all cases they were members of farming families.”

"This suggests that what their enemies feel is not simply a need to be rid of them but also a need to rid them￾selves of feelings of inferiority by subjecting middleman minorities to humiliation and dehumanization. These middlemen—“their wealth inexplicable, their superiority intolerable”113—are basically an ego problem among those who have been so blatantly outper￾formed. This is also consistent with the history of the countries where middleman minorities have been either accepted or bitterly
opposed.
It is in precisely those times and places where there are few others who can supply the skills of middleman minorities that they are most hated—whether it is the Koreans in today’s American black ghettos, Jews in Eastern Poland in centuries past, Chinese in Southeast Asia, Armenians in regions of the Ottoman Empire where they were the predominant entrepreneurial group,
Lebanese in West Africa, Ibos in northern Nigeria, Indians in East Africa or others in other places. Where middleman minorities have been more accepted have been places where others have had similar skills and entrepreneurial occupations, such as the
United States, Australia, Britain, and the Scandinavian countries.
It has been precisely where middleman minorities have been most needed economically that they have been most hated, while places that have been not nearly as dependent on them have been places where they have found their greatest acceptance. This does
not present a very reassuring picture of human reasonableness, but neither does the history of most middleman minorities. "
 

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